Transmitter, Receiver, Transceiver

Fiber Optics Network

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Transmitter
A network device that convert incoming electrical signal into optical signal for transmisson down an optical fiber link.

Data, voice and video are digitized and converted into electrical signals which pass through Fiber Optics Transmitter and converts electrical signals into an optical signal output.

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Receiver
A network device that converts an incoming optical singal into an electrical signal for transmission down an electrical link.

Optical signal which pass through Fiber Optics Receiver converts optical signals into an electrical  signal output.

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Transceiver
Transceiver is a combination of both fiber optics transmitter and receivers into one component. 
It is commonly called Small Form Factor Pluggable Transceiver or SFP.